建立我国面向贫困地区和弱势儿童的学前教育基本免费制度的思考与建议

庞丽娟　孙美红　王红蕾

 

　　［摘　要］　“十三五”时期是我国实现全面建成小康社会、扶贫攻坚的关键时期。让贫困地区的儿童接受良好教育，是科学扶智而脱贫的重要任务，是阻断贫困代际传递的重要途径。当前，我国建立学前教育基本免费制度已具有良好的社会与实践基础。我国建立学前教育基本免费制度时，要明确学前教育基本免费制度的目标与对象，重点保障贫困地区和弱势儿童的学前教育需求；要以政府为主导，合理划分政府间财政分担比例，建立学前教育基本免费制度的经费保障机制；要分阶段、分年限、分人群，稳步推进学前教育基本免费制度；要建立科学有效的督导评估与奖惩问责机制。

 

　　［关键词］　学前教育；基本免费制度；贫困地区；弱势儿童；经费保障机制

 

　　［作者简介］　庞丽娟，全国人大常委，北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士生导师，中国教育政策研究院副院长；孙美红，北京师范大学中国教育政策研究院学前教育政策研究中心助理研究员；王红蕾，北京师范大学教育学部博士生　（北京　100875）

 

　    

 

     　Considerations and Suggestions on Establishing the Basic Free Early Childhood Education

 

             System for Poverty Areas and Socially-disadvantaged Children in China

 

　　                               Pang Lijuan，Sun Meihong & Wang Honglei

 

　　Abstract： The 13th Five-Year is the most critical period for China to reach a comprehensive well-off society and to effectively alleviate the poverty. Promoting the availability of early childhood education for the children in poverty areas is an important task for poverty alleviation， which is also an important approach to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. According to the deep studies of international experiences and the domestic beneficial practice， there are social and practical foundations for establishing the basic free early childhood education system in China. Establishing the basic free early childhood education system in China should pay attention to aspects as follows： firstly， to specify the goal and object of the system and to ensure the needs of early childhood education of the poverty areas and the socially-disadvantaged children； secondly， to formulate the funding assurance mechanism by the government-dominant support and the properly sharing-ratio of inter-government financial input； thirdly， to implement the basic free early childhood education system steadily through various phases，ages，and groups； lastly， to establish the effectively mechanisms for supervision， evaluation and accountability.

 

　　Key words： early childhood education，the basic free education system， poverty areas，socially-disadvantaged children， funding assurance mechanism

 

　　Authors：Pang Lijuan，member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress， professor and doctoral supervisor of Faculty of Education， Beijing Normal University，and Vice Chairman of China Institute of Educational Policy；Sun Meihong，assistant researcher of China Institute of Educational Policy；Wang Honglei，doctoral student of Faculty of Education，Beijing Normal University　（Beijing　100875）